Hello! Today, we will learn Korean vocabulary related to the family. The family occupies an important part of our lives, so learning words related to the family will greatly help in Korean conversation. Shall we start?
가족
gajog
family
Vocabulary
Vocabulary 1
가족, 할아버지, 할머니, 아버지, 어머니, 부모님, 부부
| 가족 | 할아버지 | 할머니 | 아버지 | 어머니 | 부모님 | 부부 |
| gajog | hal-abeoji | halmeoni | abeoji | eomeoni | bumonim | bubu |
| family | grandfather | grandma | father | mother | parents | married couple |
Vocabulary 2
형제, 자매, 남매, 형, 누나, 오빠, 언니, 동생
| 형제 | 자매 | 남매 | 형 | 누나 | 오빠 | 언니 | 동생 |
| hyeongje | jamae | nammae | hyeong | nuna | oppa | eonni | dongsaeng |
| siblings | sisters | brother and | brother | sister | brother | sister | younger brother |
Vocabulary 3
행복, 화목, 대화, 식사, 여행, 고향
| 행복 | 화목 | 대화 | 식사 | 여행 | 고향 |
| haengbog | hwamog | daehwa | sigsa | yeohaeng | gohyang |
| happiness | harmony | conversation | meal | travel | hometown |
Vocabulary 4
행복하다, 화목하다, 대화하다, 식사하다, 여행하다
| 행복하다 | 화목하다 | 대화하다 | 식사하다 | 여행하다 |
| haengboghada | hwamoghada | daehwahada | sigsahada | yeohaenghada |
| to be happy | to be harmonious | to have a conversation | to have a meal | to travel |
Sentence 1
할아버지는 매주 일요일에 교회에 가세요.
hal-abeojineun maeju il-yo-il-e gyohoe-e gase-yo.
Grandpa goes to church every Sunday.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 할아버지는 | harabeojineun | grandfather | 할아버지(Noun) + 는(Topic Particle) |
| 매주 | maeju | every week | Adverb |
| 일요일에 | iryoil-e | on Sunday | 일요일(Noun) + 에(Time Particle) |
| 교회에 | gyohoe-e | to church | 교회(Noun) + 에(Location Particle) |
| 가세요 | gaseyo | go (honorific) | 가다(Verb)+시(Honorific)+어요 |
Sentence 2
아버지가 회사에서 돌아오셨어요.
abeojiga hoesa-eseo dol-a-osyeoss-eo-yo.
My father returned from work.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 아버지가 | abeojiga | father | 아버지(Noun) + 가(Subject Particle) |
| 회사에서 | hoesa-eseo | from the company | 회사(Noun) + 에서(Location Particle) |
| 돌아오셨어요 | doraosyeosseoyo | returned (honorific) | 돌아오다(Verb)+시(Honorific)+었+어요 |
Sentence 3
어머니가 시장에 가셨어요.
eomeoniga sijang-e gasyeoss-eo-yo.
My mother went to the market.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 어머니가 | eomeoniga | mother | 어머니(Noun) +가(Subject Particle) |
| 시장에 | sijang-e | to the market | 시장(Noun)+에(Location Particle) |
| 가셨어요 | gaseosseoyo | went (honorific) | 가다(Verb)+시(Honorific)+었+어요 |
Sentence 4
부모님은 여행을 가셨어요.
bumonim-eun yeohaeng-eul gasyeoss-eo-yo.
My parents went on a trip.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 부모님은 | bumonimeun | parents | 부모님(Noun) + 은(Topic Particle) |
| 여행을 | yeohaengeul | trip | 여행(Noun) + 을(Object Particle) |
| 가셨어요 | gaseosseoyo | went (honorific) | 가다(Verb) +시(Honorific) +었(Past Tense)어요 |
Sentence 5
저는 두 형제가 있어요.
jeoneun du hyeongjega iss-eo-yo.
I have two brothers.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 저는 | jeoneun | I | 저(Pronoun) + 는(Topic Particle) |
| 두 | du | two | Number |
| 형제가 | hyeongjega | brothers | 형제(Noun) + 가(Subject Particle) |
| 있어요 | isseoyo | have | 있다(Verb) + 어요(Present Tense) |
Sentence 6
나의 형과 누나는 대학생이에요.
na-ui hyeonggwa nunaneun daehagsaeng-i-e-yo.
My older brother and older sister are college students.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 나의 | naui | my | 나(Pronoun)+의(Possessive Particle) |
| 형과 | hyeong-gwa | older brother and | 형(Noun)+과(Conjunction Particle) |
| 누나는 | nunaneun | older sister | 누나(Noun) + 는(Topic Particle) |
| 대학생이에요 | daehaksaeng-ieyo | are university students | 대학생(Noun)+이다(Be Verb)+에요(Present Informal) |
Sentence 7
동생과 함께 영화를 봤어요.
dongsaenggwa hamkke yeonghwaleul bwass-eo-yo.
I watched a movie with my younger sibling.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 동생과 | dongsaeng-gwa | with younger sibling | 동생(Noun)+과(Conjunction Particle) |
| 함께 | hamkke | together | Adverb |
| 영화를 | yeonghwa-reul | a movie | 영화(Noun) + 를(Object Particle) |
| 봤어요 | bwasseoyo | watched | 보다(Verb) + 았(Past Tense)어요 |
Sentence 8
우리 가족은 매우 화목해요.
uli gajog-eun mae-u hwamoghae-yo.
My family is very harmonious.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 우리 | uri | our | Pronoun |
| 가족은 | gajogeun | family | 가족(Noun) + 은(Topic Particle) |
| 매우 | maeu | very | Adverb |
| 화목해요 | hwamokhaeyo | harmonious | 화목하다(Adjective) +어요(Present Informal) |
Sentence 9
가족과 함께 여행을 가면 너무 행복해요.
gajoggwa hamkke yeohaeng-eul gamyeon neomu haengboghae-yo.
I'm so happy to travel with my family.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 가족과 | gajok-gwa | with family | 가족(Noun)+과(Conjunction Particle) |
| 함께 | hamkke | together | Adverb |
| 여행을 | yeohaengeul | trip | 여행(Noun) + 을(Object Particle) |
| 가면 | gamyeon | if go | 가다(Verb) + 면(Conditional Suffix) |
| 너무 | neomu | very | Adverb |
| 행복해요 | haengbokhaeyo | happy | 행복하다(Adjective) +어요(Present Informal) |
Sentence 10
가족과 식사를 하고 대화를 했어요.
gajoggwa sigsaleul hago daehwaleul haess-eo-yo.
I ate and talked with my family.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 가족과 | gajok-gwa | with family | 가족(Noun) + 과(Conjunction Particle) |
| 식사를 | sigsareul | meal | 식사(Noun) + 를(Object Particle) |
| 하고 | hago | and do | 하다(Verb) + 고(Connecting) |
| 대화를 | daehwareul | conversation | 대화(Noun) + 를(Object Particle) |
| 했어요 | haesseoyo | had | 하다(Verb) + 었(Past Tense)어요 |
Sentence 11
고향의 가족들이 보고싶어요.
gohyang-ui gajogdeul-i bogosip-eo-yo.
I want to see my family in my hometown.
Sentence Analysis:
| Word | Romanization | Translation | Part of Speech / Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 고향의 | gohyang-ui | hometown's | 고향(Noun) +의(Possessive Particle) |
| 가족들이 | gajokdeuri | family members | 가족(Noun)+들(Plural) +이(Subject Particle) |
| 보고싶어요 | bogosipeoyo | miss (want to see) | 보고싶다(Verb)+어요 |
Learning Assessment
Which of the following is incorrectly paired?
1. 할아버지는 - grandpa
2. 할아버지는 - grandmother
Translate the following Korean sentence into English: 어머니가 시장에 가셨어요.
What does the Korean word '가족과' mean in English? (Answer: With family)
Conclusion
Today we learned various Korean vocabulary related to family. From family members, relationships, roles, and traditions, these words will help you better understand Korean. Let's keep practicing and I'll see you next time with more useful Korean vocabulary.
Thank you!
TIP!
1. '시' (Raising the Subject)
- Position: Appears before the verb ending.
- Role: It elevates the subject of the sentence.
Examples:
- The teacher goes to school → 선생님이 학교에 가신다
(When the listener is equal to or lower than the speaker) - The teacher goes to school → 선생님이 학교에 가십니다
(When the listener is higher than the speaker)
2. '~아요, ~어요, ~ㅂ니다, ~습니다' (Raising the Listener)
- Position: Appears at the end of the sentence.
- Role: It shows respect to the listener or the person you're speaking to.
Examples:
- My younger sibling eats → 동생이 밥을 먹어
(When the listener is equal to or lower than the speaker) - My younger sibling eats → 동생이 밥을 먹습니다
(When the listener is higher than the speaker)
3. Summary
General (Not raising the subject):
- My younger sibling eats → 동생이 밥을 먹어
(When the listener is equal to or lower than the speaker) - My younger sibling eats → 동생이 밥을 먹습니다
(When the listener is higher than the speaker)
- My younger sibling eats → 동생이 밥을 먹어
Raising the subject (When the subject is respected):
- The teacher reads a book → 선생님이 책을 읽으신다
(When the listener is equal to or lower than the speaker) - The teacher reads a book → 선생님이 책을 읽으십니다
(When the listener is higher than the speaker)
- The teacher reads a book → 선생님이 책을 읽으신다